ü Alternation is the differences in pronunciation between two or more
phonological allomorphs.
ü Allomorph is one of a closely related set of morphs.
ü Morph is an actual form used as part of a word, representing one
version of a morpheme.
ü Morphological Alteration an alternation that is at least partly
morphologically or lexically conditioned.
ü Example:
ü Type of allomorph
1.
Phonological allomorph < ed > = < -d, -t, td>
2.
Weak suppletion < ... æ... > =
/... ɔ... /
3.
Strong suppletion < go > = <
went >
ü Conditioning
ü Phonological conditioning
Example: cat = cats :
t # s
dog
= dogs : g # z
horse
= horses : s # IZ
ü Morphological conditioning
ü Lexical conditioning
ü Morphological alteration
Morphology -
Compounding
ü Compounding is the process of combining two or more words to form a
new word.
ü Headedness
Example: school + boy
Mod H
NB: Category
= noun
Gender
= human / anime
Case
= gen
Mother - in – law
H Mod
ü Endocentric compounds
Example: school – boy
= BOY
H
Boy’s
– school =
SCHOOL
H
ü Exocentric compounds
Example: red skin =
lexicon
Pick pocket
ü Spelling
1.
Solid/ closed form
Example: housewife, keyboard
2.
Hyphenated form
Example: word class, mother-in-law
3.
Open/spaced form
Example: distance learning
Morphology – Derivation
ü Derivation is the process of forming new word by adding affixes.
ü Affix is a morpheme that must attach to a base and cannot occur by
itself, usually a short morpheme with an abstract meaning.
ü Affixation is the operation of stringing together a base and an
affix.
ü Affixation
1.
Position
Example: mis # lead , standard # ize
2.
Meaning
Example: un # happy , im # possible
3.
Phonology
Example: generat # ion ,
nation # al
ü Prefix is an affix that precedes the base.
1.
Phonology
Example: un # usual
Dis
# allow
2.
Syntax
Example; be # wild
En
# able
ü Suffixes
1.
Phonology
Example: help # ful
2.
Syntax
Example: punish # ment
V N
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