INTRODUCTION
In this chance, we will discuss
about part of Introduction to Applied Linguistics theory that is language and
culture. On the application of this material, we will analyze some phenomenons
that have relation in the process of transferring one language to another
language. This process is influenced by culture that has been already running
in the centre of society. In addition there is deep relation between the
processes of using language and the culture in every place where the language
is growing. Here, we will discuss about this phenomenon and it is the part of
language and culture. It is analyze of realia in translation that will open our
insight about the process of the language move to another language which is
influenced by the culture in the society.
Realia is object and material from
everyday life used as teaching aids[1]. Realia
is plural word and reale is singular. In other case, realia is cultural
specific word and Realia are important because of two reasons:
1. It shows quite unequivocally that translation though based in
language, is by no means limited to language. Then, translators have to
transfer things and concepts from one universe of reference to another, not
just words from one language to another.
2. It shows that translations are and will always remain translations.
No matter how elegant the different strategist proposed ‘solve’ the problem of
realia, that problem remains without any definitive solution in the end.
Samovars will always remain samovars and never really become transposed kinds
of stoves.
Then, we will recognize this kind of
phenomenon; we will analyze the English news article from Indonesia. It
contains the Indonesian meaning from the sources. Then, we will compare with
Google translate and dictionaries in the process of analysis. In this news
article, we can find the phenomena of transferring language that sometimes have
difference way and in the end it will have some missing meaning aspects and
points. It happens because the Indonesian vocabularies are quite different with
western vocabularies as the origin place of English. As we know before that it is
influenced by the culture where the language is growing and improving in every
time. Therefore, we choose to analyze news article to identify the phenomena of
realia in translating of language that is commonly found in the society life.
It will be easier to recognize this kind of this language process because it
has closer side in society.
Hopefully, this paper will increase
our knowledge about the phenomena of language around of us especially in
translating the language to another language. Although, it just has limited
examples as the sample of this Realia case. May this paper will be useful for
readers and writer.
§ DISCUSSION
1. The first example is “researcher & ilmuwan”
The definition of ‘researcher’ is someone whose job is to
study a subject carefully, especially in order to discover new information or
understand the subject better[2].
Then, this word is translated as ‘ilmuwan’. The definition of ‘ilmuwan’
is someone that is expert or having more knowledge in study than it could
be defined as someone that is in around the science[3]
(orang yang ahli atau banyak pengetahuannya mengenai suatu ilmu; orang yg
berkecimpung dalam ilmu pengetahuan).
This example is used in one of newspaper in Indonesia. Then, the
author gives the translation of this word as the word above. Here is the text:
Researchers in the
United States say children aged four and under who get less than ten hours
sleep are nearly twice as likely to be obese five years later.
|
Ilmuwan di
Amerika Serikat menyatakan bahwa anak-anak berusia empat tahun ke bawah yang
tidur kurang dari sepuluh jam memiliki kemungkinan dua kali lebih besar
mengalami obesitas pada 5 tahun ke depan.
|
According to the realia theory, we
can analyze this phenomena based on the meaning. Both of these words ‘researcher
and ilmuwan’ are quite having close meaning. Besides, we should know that
these two words have different meanings. We cannot put ‘ilmuwan’ as the
meaning of ‘researcher’, although we can group these words into one
group as the ‘the people that have large knowledge’. Based on Google
Translate, the meaning of ‘researcher’ in Indonesia is ‘peneliti’ that
has meaning ‘individuals who do research (examined) by using the scientific
method’.
According to these definitions
above, we can know that there is realia process in these words namely ethnographic realia because this word is the kind of job work of
people. In addition this realia process happens because there is
distinction process in translating this word from the article and Google
translate or dictionaries. If we compare the definition of ‘researcher and
ilmuwan’, we can analyze that there are some aspects that are left from
each these words. This process is named generalization (hyponymy) realia
because the author of this article takes general idea when they want to
translate the words. The author wants to take the closer meaning of ‘researcher’
and in the end they take ‘ilmuwan’ as the Indonesian meaning of that
word. The generalization (hyponymy) realia could be used also to translate the
difficult word into familiar word in our daily life.
2. The second example is “Menteri Pekerjaan Umum Perumahan
Rakyat & Public Works and Public Housing Minister”
In one of Indonesia news, there is term in translating the name of
one ministry in Indonesia. That is ‘Menteri Pekerjaan Umum Perumahan Rakyat’
and it is translated to English become ‘Public Works and Public Housing
Minister’. If we translate this term by using the method such as word for
word translation, we can get this meaning as the correct translation. Besides,
when we try to check in dictionaries or Google Translate, this term has
different translation rather than in this article. That meaning is ‘Minister
of Public Works Public Housing [4]’.
This meaning is quite different from the article. Both using dictionaries
and looking the meaning in this article, there are aspects that have been left
in translating. Then, if we translate the term from English to Indonesian, it
will show the different meaning from the article that is ‘Pekerjaan Umum dan
Menteri Perumahan Rakyat[5]’.
It is the kind of difficult case when we want to translate the term because
there is not permanent pattern to translate it in appropriate way. Then, we can
group it as one of realia process. It is classified as Ethnographic realia
because this word discussed is the name of job work of someone. In addition,
there is a deletion translation strategy also because the author
translated this term simply not as the origin term in Indonesian. Here is the
text of the example:
The Jakarta Post – Jakarta harus bebas banjir pada tahun 2018,
kata Menteri – Menteri
Pekerjaan Umum Perumahan Rakyat Basuki Hadimuljono mengatakan bahwa
Jakarta akan bebas banjir pada tahun 2018,
|
The Jakarta Post – Jakarta should be flood free in 2018, says
minister – Public
Works and Public Housing Minister Basuki Hadimuljono has said that
Jakarta will be flood free by 2018,
|
Deletion translation strategy could be used also to translate the
kind of term such as the example above. It will give more understanding to the
other people from other country.
Therefore, we can know that the process of translating this word in
this article is different with the translation process in dictionary or Google
translate. Then, of course it will decrease the meaning points in both of the
translations results. Accordingly, we can name this phenomenon of translating
the words as realia.
3. The third example is ‘Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana
& The National Disaster Mitigation Agency’.
In this example, we can analyze that the name of agency in
Indonesia could be translated into English without maintaining the origin name.
In this article, the author translate ‘Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana’
to ‘The National Disaster Mitigation Agency’. If we check in
dictionary or Google translate, we can find the different translation. If we
translate from Indonesian to English, we can get new meaning from this name
that is ‘National Board for Disaster Managemen[6]t’.
For the beginner in English subject, they will get confuse. It happens because
there is not permanent pattern in the way translating the words.
Besides, if we compare these two kinds of translation way, we can
know that the translation in this article is quite different because there are
two versions result. This process is named social-political realia
because it is the kind of administrative-territorial structure units especially the name of department. In addition, the process of
translation this term is used generalization (hyponymy) realia because
the author takes the general meaning of the term that will be easier to be got
by the readers of this article news.
The
Jakarta Post – Sinabung
Bukanlah Bencana Nasional, kata BNPB – Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB)
menekankan bahwa letusan Gunung Sinabung di Sumatera Utara adalah bencana
regional dan nasional.
|
The
Jakarta Post – Sinabung
not National Disaster, BNPB says – The National Disaster Mitigation Agency (BNPB)
emphasized that the Mount Sinabung’s eruption in North Sumatra was a regional
and national disaster.
|
4. The fourth example is ‘old rivals & musuh bebuyutannya’.
In this news article, we can find the different translation result
of the collocation. The meaning of ‘old rivals’ in Indonesia is ‘saingan
lama[7]’.
Then, if we go on to the news article, we can find the meaning is ‘musuh
bebuyutan’. It is quite different meaning that shows in this article and
dictionary. In addition, if we translate ‘musuh bebuyutan’ into English,
it would be ‘mortal enemy[8]’.
This translating process is included as social-political realia. It happens because there are some aspects
meaning that have lost from this process and it build new meaning aspect if we
transalate this word as in this article.
In the other hand, it is translated in generalization (hyponymy)
realia. It happens because the author used general term and word to define
the word from another language. Even though, it gives different term but it has
similar meaning that can draw the understanding of the readers this news
article.
TEMPO.CO,
Berlin – Substitute
Jamie Vardy scored with a stunning flick, his first international goal, and
Eric Dier headed a last-gasp winner as England hit back from two goals down
to beat old rivals
Germany 3-2 in a friendly on Saturday.
|
TEMPO.CO,
Berlin – Pemain
pengganti Jamie Vardy mencetak gol lewat backheel keras, gol Internasional
pertamanya, serta sundulan Eric Dier membawa Inggris memimpin dan membalikkan
keadaan setelah tertinggal dua gol sekaligus mengalahkan musuh bebuyutannya
Jerman dengan skor 3-2 pada laga persahabatan pada hari Sabtu.
|
5. The fifth example is ‘Home Ministry & Kementerian Dalam
Negeri’.
This term has different meaning when we check in the dictionary. ‘Kementerian
Dalam Negeri’ in English is ‘Ministry of Internal Affairs[9]’.
Besides, ‘Home Ministry’ in Indonesia is ‘Departement Rumah[10]’.
We find the deep distinction in these two words that is used to complete
the news article. The author has done the mistake while writing this term not
in appropriate way. The author writes and translates it using generalization
(hyponymy) realia. It shows that the author try to convince the readers
with familiar and close to the Indonesian. Besides, it has left some aspects
meaning of this word. We cannot get the truth message of the author if we are
not from Indonesia. It happens because the author tried to make it similar with
Indonesia. There will be new meaning in the use of this word without trying to
leave the origin word. Therefore, it is the kind of social-political realia because of there explanation above.
OneNews – “It will be a miracle if anyone is found alive,” Home Ministry spokesman
Laxmi Dhakal said. “But we have not completely given up yet and are
continuing to look.”
|
OneNews
– “Ini akan menjadi sebuah keajaiban
jika ada yang ditemukan hidup,” kata juru bicara Kementerian Dalam Negeri Laxmi Dhakal.
“Tapi kami belum sepenuhnya menyerah. belum dan terus mencari.”
|
§ CONCLUSION
In conclusion, we can identify and
analyze the language that we use to deliver the message to other around of us
have many realia phenomenon. It is included the simple or the complicated
aspects in our life. We can overcome this phenomenon as the solution to save
our origin and national language by increasing our awareness to use language in
appropriate way. It happens because language is very important, not only for
having communication with others but also as the identity of the country.
Although, the using of language is influenced by culture but we understand
about this kind of phenomena is useful. Therefore, doing this realia analysis,
hopefully it will increase our understanding and realizing about commonly
mistakes that have already done by us.
§ REFERENCES
Florin, Sider (1993). ‘Realia in translation.’
In: Palma Zlateva (ed.) Translation as Social Action: Russian
and Bulgarian Perspectives, London: Routledge, p. 122-128
Cambridge Online Dictionary. 2016.
Retrieved December 12, 2016, from http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/researcher
Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. 2016. Retrieved December 12, 2016, from http://bahasa.cs.ui.ac.id/kbbi/kbbi.php?keyword=ilmuwan&varbidang=all&vardialek=all&varragam=all&varkelas=all&submit=tabel
Saputra, Adrian. 2016. Kumpulan Contoh Berita Dalam Bahasa
Inggris dan Artinya Terbaru. Retrieved December 12, 2016, from http://www.belajardasarbahasainggris.com/2016/04/20/kumpulan-contoh-berita-dalam-bahasa-inggris-dan-artinya-terbaru/
Saputra, Adrian. 2016. Contoh Berita Olahraga Terkini Dalam
Bahasa Inggris dan Terjemahannya. Retrieved December 12, 2016, from http://www.belajardasarbahasainggris.com/2016/03/27/contoh-berita-olahraga-terkini-dalam-bahasa-inggris-dan-terjemahannya/
2 Contoh Teks Berita Bahasa Inggris Tentang Bencana Alam Dan
Terjemahannya. 2015. Retrieved December 12, 2016,
from http://bahasainggrismudah.com/2-contoh-teks-berita-bahasa-inggris-tentang-bencana-alam-dan-terjemahannya/
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar