Flouting Maxim Created by Comedians in Comedy Talk Show Indonesia Lawak Klub Under The Theme BPJS
Background
of Problem
In human daily, they need to express and use their
ability to speak with their people surrounding them. As we know that human is
categorized as social human in which they cannot live without helping from
others. They must construct a good relation by doing communication. Communication
is the process of transferring the message between speaker and hearer that need
several rules to build the successful result without creating any
misunderstanding both of them. Then, a successful communication need the
efficiency in delivering the information that is easier to understand for the
speaker and the hearer.
Further, the appropriate communication should follow
the maxim in the use. In this case the position of maxim is as the rule and the
form of spoken in communication and even written in text. In this maxim, there
are several rules that should be attended by the speaker and hearer. Maxim has
its kinds such as maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of relation and
maxim of manner. Further, the concept of maxim actually is the brunch of Grice
theory that is cooperative principle. The cooperative principle is a principle
of conversation that was proposed by Paul Grice in 1975, whereby those involved
in communication assume that both pairs will normally seek to cooperate each
other to establish agreed meaning.
Nevertheless, people sometimes break these rules in
their communication. They don’t give any attention about the structure and form
of their speaking. Usually, they just think about the correctness of the
message and utterance without giving more attention to the maxims. Then, based
on this phenomena, we analyse this study as the topic for this paper.
The writer chooses Indonesia Lawak Klub comedy talk
show because it has most parts that contain flouting maxim. In addition, this
talk show is famous talk show in Indonesia that always has current issue to be
discussed. The concept of this talk show is having forum that invite several
Indonesian comedian figures as the guests such as Deny Chandra, Cak Lontong,
Ronal, Bopak, Bella Sophie, Gilang and Boiyen. Actually, this program is as the
parody of discussion program in one of television in Indonesia that is Indonesia
Lawyer Club. This program is the forum of lawyers and important speakers of the
current issue in the Indonesia politic that will discuss the issues by leading
a moderator. Then, it is as the suitable subject that can be accepted by
society nowadays.
Then, the theme of this comedy talk show is BPJS (Budget Pas-pasan Jiwa Sosialita). This
theme is very current in our society now. Due to nowadays there are many people
that get this syndrome to follow their public figure as the trendsetter.
Moreover, some of them will do this kinds of phenomena just for having fun and
being arrogant to other. In detail, this phenomena is happened by women who are
most of women like to do shopping.
Research Questions
The
problem that will be analyse in this study as the follow:
1.
What are the
types of flouting maxim that often happened in comedy talk show Indonesia Lawak
Klub under the theme BPJS?
2.
What are the
reasons behind the comedians flout the maxim in this comedy talk show Indonesia
Lawak Klub under the theme BPJS?
Significance
This
study is expected to be useful in theoretically and practically as follow:
1.
Theoretically,
this study can enrich the understanding of English students about Grice’s
theory. Then, it can be the colourful resources in Pragmatics field because it
takes the comedy talk show as the subject of study. In the end, the readers can
get more understanding about flouting maxim in comedy talk show.
2.
Practically,
this study can be the resources for study about the practical phenomena about
the flouting maxim in the society that commonly happens in daily life. Father,
reader of this study can indicate the flouting maxim done by comedian or
others.
Review of Related
Literature
This review literature part will explore more about
the theory that used by this study to support the validation of the analysis.
1.
Cooperative
Principle
Cooperative
principle is a theory formulated by Herbert Paul Grice in William James
Lectures delivered at Harvard University in 1967. It can be defined as a
principle of conversation that was proposed by Paul Grice in 1975, whereby those
involved in communication assume that both pairs will normally seek to
cooperate each other to establish agreed meaning. In this case, in the process
of communication, between hearer and speaker will cooperate each other to have
successful result without any misunderstanding and different point of
views.
2.
Maxim
Maxim can be
defined as the form of spoken in communication and even written in text. It
occurs not only in a conversation, but also in having an interaction. Then,
maxim is divided into four kinds.
ü Maxim of quantity
It focusses on the quality of information such as
giving the most helpful amount of information. Then, this maxim will take part
in information as required.
ü Maxim of quality
It focusses on saying true as the fact in sharing
the information based on the quality of information.
ü Maxim of relevance
It focusses on the relevant of the information that
is delivered by speaker to hearer.
ü Maxim of manner
It focusses on the clear, brief and order the
information delivered by speaker to hearer.
3.
Flouting Maxim
Flouting maxim is the process where the speaker and
hearer communicate each other and one of them flout one of four maxim. Further,
flouting maxing is divided into four kinds:
ü Flouting maxim of quantity
In this part, the speaker of hearer flout the
quantity of information by giving more or less information than required.
ü Flouting maxim of quality
In this part, the speaker or hearer give contribution
one that is untrue or lack adequate evidence in sharing the information.
ü Flouting maxim of relevance
It focusses on the response is obviously irrelevant
to the topic delivered by speaker or hearer in communication process.
ü Flouting maxim of manner
It focusses on the information shared by the speaker
and hearer contains the utterances that are not brief, ambiguous, and obscure.
Therefore, based on the theory explained above, this
study will take cooperative principle by Grice (1975) as the foundation in
communication of data. Then, it will use the concept of maxim as the form to
analyse the data is used. Furthermore, in detail, this study will use the
concept of flouting maxim to elaborate the data was chosen before.
Data Analysis
The
data source is chosen to support the analysis of this study. It is taken from
the conversation among the comedians in comedy talk show Indonesia Lawak Klub
under the theme BPJS. The writer choose this data because it is the one comedy
program in Indonesia that is famous and having more audiences in every episode.
Further, the data was taken from one session of this comedy talk show which
Bopak as the presenter. In addition, this comedy talk show is always taking the
current issue in society at that time. Accordingly, Indonesia Lawak Klub is
categorised as interesting program that can be analysed as the subject of this
study.
The process of the data collection of this study are downloading
the video from YouTube, listening the video for several times, choosing the
part of conversations which contain the flouting maxim, classifying the
flouting maxim in this video and analysing the reasons behind the flouting
maxims happened by using descriptive qualitative approach.
The result of one session video shows that flouting
maxim of relevance is the most happened. From the data found, the places of
flouting maxim of relevance are the parts when the comedians create sense of
humour. The transcription and analysis as the follow:
Deny
Chandra : Selamat malam semuanya, selamat
dating di ILK Indonesia Lawak Klub. Malam hari ini kita punya dua panelis yang
sangat luar biasa yang akan membicarakan mangenai BPJS (Bukan Badan
Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial) tetapi disini adalah Budget Pas-pasan Jiwa
Sosialita. Seperti apa yang akan diuraikan oleh mereka, kita saksikan tentu
saja. Sekarang kami persilahkan untuk duduk ditempat masing-masing.
Bopak
: Pertama-tama saya ucapkan
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
All : Wa’alaikumsalam Wr. Wb.
Bopak
: Ini saya adalah sebagai
Badan Organisasi Pengusaha Alat Kebersihan Bijaksana Berjiwa Istimewa.
Deny
Chandra : Disingkat apa Pak?
Bopak : Ini yang buat saya ajak berantem. Bopak Najis. (Flouting maxim of relevance)
All : Hahaha
Bopak : Dan saya adalah bagian perangkat
yang menghargai kaum wanita dan saya mendukung sekali gerakan BPJS ini ya.
Sebab kita sebagai laki-laki, kita jangan munafik dalam menjalankan hidup,
hidup itu adalah penuh dengan materi. Bagaimana yang dikatakan Casanova, saya
pernah baca dalam bukunya.
Deny
Chandra : Bukunya . . .
Bopak : Jika kamu ingin mencintai
seorang wanita, maka kasihlah apa yang dia minta dan dia akan memberikan
segalanya.
Bella
Sophie : Keren bang Bopak.
Bopak : Jadi kita jangan terobsesi kita
ini lelaki yang lemah lembut dalam kehidupan. Kita lelaki ini harus perang,
jadi lelaki harus tahu tanggung jawab terhadap wanita. Wabillahitaufiq
walhidayah Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb. Eh belum, belum finish.
Deny
Chandra : Ini tepuk tangan dulu dong. Anda
sampai membaca bukunya Casanora.
Bopak : Casanova . . .
Deny
Chandra: Oh Casanova bukan casanora.
Bopak : Dan dia juga pernah berkata.
Deny
Chandra : Dia pernah berkata apa?
Bopak : Jika ingin mendekati wanita,
jangan dengan tubuhnya. Dekati wanita dengan emosi dan perasaannya. Jika kita
sudah ambil perasaannya dan emosinya, dia akan memberikan segalanya. Kerena
apa? Kalau lelaki ini kan makhluk akal dan logika, kalau dia ini wanita
berperasaan maka mainkanlah perasannya. Dan dia akan memberikan sesuatu buat
kita.
Ronal : Kang Deny. . . Kang Deny . . . ini kayak gasing muter-muter dari
tadi. (Flouting maxim of relevance)
Bopak : Lhoh bukan, ini pemahaman supaya
kita menjadi laki-laki. Jangan jadi laki-laki pengecut.
Deny
Chandra : Maksudnya itu begini, anda itu
kehilangan . . .
Bopak : Bapak ini dari mana sih dari tadi ngajak ngomong saya terus pak?
(Flouting maxim of relevance)
Deny
Chandra : Saya kan . . . Disini itu . . .
Bopak : Bapak merasa punya acara? (Flouting maxim of relevance)
Deny
Chandra : Bukan.
Bopak : Bapak boleh ngomong sama yang
lain, menyanggah. Sama saya jangan menyanggah sekali-sekali yaa pak yaa.
Deny
Chandra : Saya tidak menyanggah.
Bopak : Nanti saya lupa, saya bingung
saya pak.
Deny
Chandra: Iya. . . iya . . .
Bopak : Oke
Deny
Chandra : Makanya jangan dipotong-potong. Karena bapak ini juga hasil potongan.
Jadi dia itu ndak utuh, habis dipotong. (Flouting maxim of relevance)
Bopak : Bapak ini menyinggung fisik saya
lagi.
Deny
Chandra: Ini bapak tu. . . saya tidak pernah menyinggung secara fisik pak.
Nggak kalau fisik itu udah . . .
Bopak : Apa bapak akan menghina
seseorang bisa mengetahui tentang kuantum? Apakah bapak hina secara fisiknya?
Nggak beranikan?
Deny
Chandra : Iya betul . . .
Bella
Sophie : Kuantum lho.
Deny
Chandra : Kuantum nih
Ronal : Kuantum itu apa? Merk kompor gas? (Flouting maxim of relevance)
Bopak : Ini masalah metafisikal.
Deny
Chandra : Dia dari tekno kalau dia. Dari teknograf. Heh jangan
ngumpet. (Flouting maxim of relevance)
Bopak : Bukan
Deny
Chandra : Jangan ngumpet, anda berdiri
saja udah ndak kelihatan apalagi anda ngumpet.
Bopak : Soalnya bapak dialog berdua
begini. Saya memikirkannya akan lelah pak.
Deny
Chandra : Iya . . .Iya . . . Iya lelah.
Ronal : Tapi ini langsung ke topic bahasan dong, keliling-keliling. (Flouting maxim of relevance)
Bopak : Yang saya katakana lagi, saya
menyetujui wanita itu berjiwa sosialita. Orang yang berjiwa sosialita, kita ini
berhadapan dengan hidup yang realistis. Wanita perlu berlian karena menimbulkan
keindahan dan kewibawaan.
Ronal : Tapi yaa jangan ngondek gitu dong. (Flouting maxim of
relevance)
Cak
Lontong : Gayanya memang gitu.
Bopak : Ini kita menunjukkan kewibawaan.
Deny
Chandra : Ada yang perlu ditanyakan?
Ronal : Gini . . . Gini . . .
Cak
Lontong : Pak Tarno heh pak Tarno sebelum anda lanjut yaa. (Flouting maxim of relevance)
Bopak : Apa?
Deny
Chandra : Kok pak Tarno?
Bopak : Bopak . . .
Cak
Lontong : Lha ini siapa?
Bopak : Indrawiyana Bidwi
Cak
Lontong : Siapa lagi . . .
Deny
Chandra : Bopak . . . Bopak . . .
Ronal : Aslinya itu . . .
Deny
Chandra : Nggak gini . . . Ini dari Tim
Realistis, ada yang mau ditanyakan ndak? Kalau
ndak mau saya kandangin lagi nih. (Flouting maxim of relevance)
All : Hahaha . . .
Bopak : Kata orang utan itu langen. Ayo
pak . . . Ada pertanyaan?
Ronal : Cuma mengkritisi aja. Memiliki
jiwa sosialita silahkan asal mampu. Nggak memaksakan diri, silahkan itu.
Bopak : Nah disini kan bahasan saya
tidak memaksakan dalam hidup. Kita sebagai laki-laki, kita harus realistis.
Realistis itu apa? Kita harus ingat pepatah China mengatakan jika kamu ingin
sesuatu, belilah. Kata belilah apa? Intinya kalau kamu punya uang atau apapun
bisa kamu lakukan.
Deny
Chandra : Bahasa China nya apa?
Bopak : Wong chi sang wong to ho.
Deny
Chandra : Wong chi sang wong to ho,
artinya apa pak?
Bopak : Nah itu saya lupa. Nanti saya
cerita lagi yaa. Oke. Sampai sini dulu pernyataan saya.
Deny
Chandra : Ini ndak ada yang ditanyakan
lagi?
Bopak : Ndak bisa protes, saya . . .
Ronal : Udah cukup, giliran dari kami
sekarang.
Bopak : Udah cukup yaa. Anda sudah paham
pemikiran saya, oke. Terimaksih.
Deny
Chandra : Luar biasa . . .
Bopak : Assalamu’alaikum . . .
wabillahitaufiq walhidayah, wassalamu’alaikum wr. Wb.
Deny
Chandra : Wa’alaikumsalam. Ini gimana nih
anda, Assalamu’alaikum kok kok tiba-tiba
Gilang : Wabillahitaufiq wal hidayah
tiba-tiba
Deny
Chandra : Yaa gimana yaa. Silahkan duduk
lagi. Hey hey hoe . . .
Boiyen : Hey salah . . .
Deny
Chandra : Disana . . . Disana . . .
Bopak : Saya itu wanita bawaannya
deket-deket, terjerat, bini pakai ikut lagi
Deny
Chandra : Kesini . . . Hoe duduk disono.
Ah gantungan kunci lho
All : Hahaha
Based on the transcription above, we
know that there are eleven part conversation which indicate flouting maxim of
relevance. In this part, we will explain about two sample of conversation which
categorised as flouting maxim of relevance.
1.
The
first conversation
Bopak : Ini saya adalah sebagai
Badan Organisasi Pengusaha Alat Kebersihan Bijaksana Berjiwa Istimewa.
Deny Chandra : Disingkat apa Pak?
Bopak : Ini yang buat saya ajak berantem. Bopak Najis. (Flouting maxim of relevance)
In
the conversation above, there is flouting maxim of relevance happened. The
reason is that the conversation between Bopak and Deny Chandra shows different
utterance. The first time, Bopak introduces himself and Deny Chandra responses
relevantly. Nevertheless, bopak answers in out of the context in this
conversation. He shows other utterance that there is no relevance with the
previous context. Accordingly, in this conversation there is flouting maxim of
relevance breaking by Bopak.
2.
The
second conversation
Bopak : Lhoh bukan, ini pemahaman
supaya kita menjadi laki-laki. Jangan jadi laki-laki pengecut.
Deny Chandra : Maksudnya itu begini, anda itu
kehilangan . . .
Bopak : Bapak ini dari mana sih dari tadi ngajak ngomong saya terus pak?
(Flouting maxim of relevance)
Deny Chandra : Saya kan . . . Disini itu . . .
In the conversation between Bopak and
Deny Chandra above, there is flouting maxim of relevance happened. The first
time, the conversation is running relevantly. Unfortunately, Bopak flouts the
maxim of relevance anymore after that. It happens because Bopak creates new
utterance which doesn’t have relation with the previous utterance and context. Bopak
explains about how to be good men and Deny Chandra responses correctly as the
utterance. Then, Bopak asks to Deny Chandra where he has been because Deny
Chandra is always speaking. In detail, Bopak’s question to Deny is classified
as flouting maxim of relevance because it’s running out of the utterance
before.
Conclusion
In conclusion, flouting maxim of relevance is
flouted most in this one session of comedy talk show. It means that the theory
of Paul Grice (1975) is existing in this comedy talk show. Then, all the
reasons of these flouting maxim of relevance is because of the comedians want
to create sense of humour in this comedy talk show. Mostly, the speakers don’t
follow the maxim as the foundation of this comedy talk show. The speakers try
to create sense of humour by breaking the relevance of context and utterance in
the process of conversation. Therefore, it will create the successful of this
program because the humour sides will show in the whole of this comedy talk
show.
Recommendation
For the future study, hopefully there will be more innovation in
analysing about the comedy program. The next writer can analyse this topic in
detail in other kind program of comedy. Due to the comedy program is mostly
flouting maxim of relevance in creating sense of humour. Then, the next writer
can more elaborate the comic effect of comedy talk show in the next study.
References
Cutting,
J. (2008). Pragmatics and Discourse. New York: Routledge.
Lestari,
G. A. I., Susiowati, I. G. A. G., & Pratiwi, N. A. A. A. S. (2017).
Flouting of Grice’s Maxims in The Age of Adaline Movie. Jurnal Humanis,
Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Unud, 18(2),
278-285.
ILK Indonesia Lawak Klub (2017). [Motion Picture]. Indonesia:
Kiandra Aisha. Retrieved May 27, 2017, from https://youtube.com/watch?v=tvnJ7O74kLM
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