Teaching English as Foreign Language (03) : Exercise Book for Syari'ah Students

UNIT 1

By: Khairul Fikri (14320144)

Before reading the text, answer the questions below.

1.      What is islamic beliefs?

2.      What is islamic practices?

3.      What is islamic values?

4.      What is islamic attitudes?

LET’S READ

THE ISLAMIC CONCEPT

1.      Islamic Beliefs

The Islamic creed of belief (confession of faith) in Arabic is lā ilāha illā l - Lāh , Muhammad rasūlu l - Lāh . Translating, this means “There is no god but God, Muhammad is the messenger of God.” This statement emphasizes belief in the oneness ( tawhid ) of God and the acceptance of Muhammad as God’s messenger

and final prophet. There are six articles of faith in Islam: (1) belief in God, (2) belief in the Prophets, (3) belief in Divine Books, (4) belief in the Day of Judgement, (5) belief in Angels, and (6) belief in Destiny or fate

( qadr ). Besides these core beliefs, other important beliefs include those regarding life after death, intercession, and the role of the individual.

2.      Islamic Practices

Islamic practices center around (1) daily prayers, (2) giving to the poor (zakat), (3) fasting during the month of Ramadan, and (4) participating in the Hajj at least once during one’s lifetime. These practices could influence health by helping people to relax and by decreasing materialistic thinking.

3.      Islamic Values

Ethical Values . As noted above, individuals in Islam are valued by their ethical behaviors in preference to what they produce. People are judged by their relationships to those who are close to them. It does not matter how much a person owns or who their father’s tribe, language, or country is. Islam teaches that people are judged only on things they have control over. In Islam there are no second class people except those who intend to deviate from Islamic values and persist in doing so. These values, if applied, will influence people’s feelings about themselves that could affect their mental health and may stimulate efforts toward self-improvement that could dispel feelings of emptiness or worthlessness.

  4. Islamic Attitudes

Positive Attitudes . Muslims believe in having a positive attitude, and are encouraged by their faith to be optimistic even in their darkest moments: “Who is it that answers the distressed when they call upon Him? Who removes their suffering? Who makes you successors in the earth? Is it another god beside God?” (27:62). The Qur’an in many places discourages sadness, since this life on earth is only a test period and not long enough to feel sad about small things.

Glossary

Death              : mati

Judgment        : pandangan

Faith                : keyakinan/kepercayaan

Behavior          : tingkah laku

Optimistic       : harapan baik

Place                : tempat

Exercise 1

Answer the following questions briefly

1.      How do we believe in our religion?

2.      What kinds of islamic practices? Explain one by one.

3.      How Islam view in modern era?

Exercise 2

Find the meaning of these words or phrases in your dictionary.

1.      Self-improvement

2.      Materialistic

3.      Distressed

4.      Successors

5.      Relationship

Exercise 3

State True (T) if the following statements are correct and False (F) if the statements are incorrect.

1.      When someone has read the shahada whether the person is called a Moslem.

2.      The Muslim after death they will live again.

3.      Whether Islam is the true religion.

Exercise 4

Complete the following unfinished sentence with the provided words and phrases.

1.      How many articles of faith in islam.....

a.       1

b.      3

c.       5

d.      6

2.      Besides worship, what is the benefit of fasting?

a.       Health body and hungry.

b.      Sleep tight.

c.       Could influence health by helping people to relax and by decreasing materialistic thinking.

d.      Go to hell.

LET’S WRITE

ARTICLES

What is the Articles?

Adjective “a, an, and the are called articles.

·         The type of article

1.      INDEFINITE ARTICLE

"Definite" means "clear, obvious." The definite article tells us that the noun is specific. The speaker talks about a particular (or known) thing. The definite article in English is "the."
Examples:
"The car I bought broke down."
"He has a son and a daughter. The daughter is a doctor."
"The actors were really good."
"I remember the day we first met."

"The" can be used before both singular and plural nouns.
Examples:
"The flower he gave her was very beautiful."
"The flowers on the table are nice."

2.      DEFINITE ARTICLES

"In-" means "not," and "definite" means "clear, obvious."

"Indefinite" means "not clear, not exact." The indefinite article tells us that the noun is not specific. The speaker talks about any one of that type of thing.  The indefinite articles in English are "a" and "an."

Examples:

"I need a pen."
(The speaker doesn't tell us which pen he needs. He simply needs a pen, any pen.)

"Lisa wants to see a movie."
(The speaker doesn't tell us which movie Lisa wants to see. She wants to see some movie.)

"Joe has a car."
(The speaker doesn't tell us which car Joe has. He has some car.)

"She is a dancer."
(She dances for a living.)

3.      THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN “A” AND “AN”

ü  "A" and "an" have the same meaning.

We use "a" before a consonant sound.

Examples:
a dog
a building
a country
a professor
a university

ü  We use "an" before a vowel sound.

Examples:
an apple
an umbrella
an eye
an hour

Important!

We use "a" and "an" only before a singular noun. We can't use "a" and "an" before a plural noun.

Examples:

Correct: a car.
Incorrect: a cars.

Correct: an orange.
Incorrect: a oranges.

4.      THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN “A” AND “THE”

ü  "The" is used to talk about specific or known things. These are usually things that have been mentioned before or that the listener is familiar with.

ü  "A" (or "an") is used to talk about things which are not specific. These are usually things that haven't been mentioned before or that the listener is unfamiliar with.

Let's say I tell you: "I went to see a doctor last week."
Explanation: I went to see some doctor. I didn't mention him before, and you are not familiar with him. Another option is that it is not important who he is. So I use the word "a".

Then I say: "The doctor said I should get more rest."
Now you already know which doctor I am referring to. I am referring to the doctor I went to see. So I use the word "the."

Next I say to you: "Do you remember the movie we watched together?"
I use the word "the" because I mention a specific movie – you know which movie I am talking about.

Then I tell you: "Well, I've seen a better movie since!"
You are not familiar with the new movie, so I use the word "a".

I also tell you: "A man on the street stepped on my foot."
You don't know who exactly stepped on my foot, I've never mentioned him before. So I use the word "a".

Finally, I tell you: "I am a singer."
This sentence simply means that I sing for a living. If I said: "I am the singer", you would understand that I am the singer that was mentioned before.

For example:
- "Wow! I heard a great singer is coming to town."
- "Oh, it's me. I am the great singer."

ü   

Exercise 5

Read the sentences below and complete them with articles (indefinite and definite)

Preposition: a, an or the

1.      Who makes you successors in ....... earth?

2.      ...........individual is responsible for supporting their fi rst-degree relatives if those relatives cannot support themselves (spouse,children, and parents).

3.      Muhammad is ...... messenger of God.

Exercise 6

Complete the sentence below by using the correct form(s) of the verb in parenthesis.

1.      Islam (teach) that people are judged only on things they have control over.

2.      In Islam there are no second class people except those who intend to deviate from Islamic values and persist in (do) so.

3.      Knowing God in Islam is (consider) a gift by itself that will help the individual to have patience and understanding.

Exercise 7

Write a paragraph using The article for the following topic

1.      Write the benefits of holy Qur’an.

2.      Write your favorite teacher who teach about Islamic Value in your school.

LET’S SPEAK

LESSON - CONDITIONALS

Zero Conditional	First Conditional
If + Present Simple, Present Simple General truths e.g. If/Whenever ice melts, it becomes water. Rules e.g. If you wave a red flag, it means danger.	If + Present Simple, will/can + infinitive e.g. If I win the lottery, I will travel around the world. Unless I win the lottery, I will not/ won’t travel around the world. (I don't know if I win but there is a possibility)
Second Conditional	Third Conditional
If + Past Simple, would/could + infinitive e.g. If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world. (But I didn't win the lottery, and it’s very unlikely that I will win)	If + Past Perfect, would/could + have + PP e.g. If Christopher Columbus hadn’t discovered America, the history of the world would have been  different.  (But he had discovered America and it’s impossible to change)

Zero Conditional	First Conditional
If + Present Simple, Present Simple e.g. If I have time, I study English. (I sometimes have time)	If + Present Simple, will/can + infinitive e.g. If I have time, I will study English. (I don't know if I will have time or not)
Second Conditional	Third Conditional
If + Past Simple, would/could + infinitive e.g. If I had time, I would study English. (I don't have time)	If + Past Perfect, would/could + have + PP e.g. If I had had time, I would have studied English.   (I didn't have time)

Exercise : Complete the sentences in the Zero and First Conditional.

1.      If I _________ (read) too long, my eyes usually_________ (go) red.

2.      If I _________ (go) to bed early, I normally _________ (get up) early too.

3.      If the weather _________ (not/change), we _________ (not/climb) to the top.

4.      If you _________ (speak) English and French, you _________ (can/work) at the Council of Europe.

5.      If I _________ (win) the lottery, I _________ (travel) around the world.

6.      My boss _________ (get) angry, if I _________ (be) late for work.

7.      If it _________ (snow) tomorrow, we _________ (can/go) skiing.

8.      People _________ (get) hungry, if they _________ (not/eat).

9.      My dad _________ (wash) his car if it _________ (not/rain) on Saturday.

10.  I _________ (call) you if she _________ (not/go) to the movies, and we can go out together.

UNIT 2

By: Diah Febriyanti (14320131)

Before reading the text, answer the questions below.

5.      What are the sources of Islamic law?

6.      What is Quran?

7.      What is Sunnah?

8.      What is Ijma’?

9.      When is Qiyas?

LET’S READ

WHAT ARE SOURCES OF ISLAMIC LAW?

Islamic law is based upon four main sources:

1.      The Quran

Muslims believe the Quran to be the direct words of Allah, as revealed to and transmitted by the Prophet Muhammad. All sources of Islamic law must be in essential agreement with the Quran, the most fundamental source of Islamic knowledge. When the Quran itself does not speak directly or in detail about a certain subject, Muslims only then turn to alternative sources of Islamic law.

2.      The Sunnah

Sunnah is the traditions or known practices of the Prophet Muhammad, many of which have been recorded in the volumes of Hadith literature. The resources include many things that he said, did, or agreed to -- and he lived his life according to the Quran, putting the Quran into practice in his own life. During his lifetime, the Prophet's family and companions observed him and shared with others exactly what they had seen in his words and behaviours -- i.e. how he performed ablutions, how he prayed, and how he performed many other acts of worship. People also asked the Prophet directly for rulings on various matters, and he would pronounce his judgment. All of these details were passed on and recorded, to be referred to in future legal rulings. Many issues concerning personal conduct, community and family relations, political matters, etc. were addressed during the time of the Prophet, decided by him, and recorded.

The Sunnah can thus clarify details of what is stated generally in the Quran.

3.      Ijma' (consensus)

In situations when Muslims have not been able to find a specific legal ruling in the Quran or Sunnah, the consensus of the community is sought (or at least the consensus of the legal scholars within the community).

The Prophet Muhammad once said that his community (i.e. the Muslim community) would never agree on an error.

4.      Qiyas (analogy)

In cases when something needs a legal ruling but has not been clearly addressed in the other sources, judges may use the analogy, reasoning, and legal precedent to decide new case law. This is often the case when a general principle can be applied to new situations.

Glossary

Upon               : diatas.

Fundamental   : pokok.

Recorded        : terekam.

Exactly            : terpatnya.

Worship           : ibadah.

Scholars           : sarjana

Precedent        : teladan.

Exercise 1

Answer the following questions briefly

4.      What is the position of Sunnah rather than Qur’an?

5.      What kinds of resource are in Sunnah?

6.      How to solve the unfinished problem in deciding the Islamic law?

7.      How do you take place the Ijtima’ in Islamic law? 

Exercise 2

Find the meaning of these words or phrases in your dictionary.

6.      Revealed to

7.      Transmitted by

8.      Essential

9.      Companions

10.  Ablutions

Exercise 3

State True (T) if the following statements are correct and False (F) if the statements are incorrect.

4.      Qiyas is said as analogy because of it has relation with new knowledge.

5.      The solution of general principle can be applied to new situations is using Qiyas.

6.      The ijtima’ is used for having agreement with an error deciding of Islamic law.

7.      Sunnah is the sources of Islamic law that can be a solution when there is limitation source in Quran.

Exercise 4

Complete the following unfinished sentence with the provided words and phrases.

3.      The definition of Sunnah can be said as …

e.       The traditions or known practices of the Prophet Muhammad.

f.       The sources for Islamic law after Ijtima’.

g.      The main sources of Islamic law.

h.      The sources in situations when Muslims have not been able to find a specific legal ruling.

4.      When can we use Ijtima’?

e.       When we don’t have good resources of Islamic law.

f.       In the situation of not having answer from Qur’an about Islamic law.

g.      In situations when Muslims have not been able to find a specific legal ruling in the Quran or Sunnah.

h.      When Muslim cannot fine the references of Islamic Law using Qiyas.

LET’S WRITE

Infinitive

What is the infinitive?

The infinitive of a verb is its basic form with or without the particle to:

Examples:

·         'do' or 'to do'

·         'be' or 'to be'

The infinitive without to is called bare infinitive ('do', 'be')

The infinitive with to is called full infinitive ('to do', 'to be')

The bare infinitive

1. The bare infinitive is used as the main verb after the dummy auxiliary verb do, or most modal auxiliary verbs (such as will, can, or should..)
   Examples:
   I do know him
   I do like you.
   I can do it .
2. Several common verbs of perception, including see, watch, hear, feel, and sense take a direct object and a bare infinitive.
   Examples:
   I saw it happen
   I watched it happen
3. The bare infinitive is also used with several common verbs of permission or causation, including make, bid, let, and have.
   Example:
   I made/bade/let/had him do it.
   (However, make takes a to-infinitive in the passive voice.
   I was made to do it.
4. The bare infinitive is also used after had better.
   Example:
   You had better leave now
5. The verb help is followed by the bare infinitive.
   Example:
   He helped them do it. ("He helped them to do" it is also possible)
6. With the word why.
   Example:
   Why say it?

The full infinitive

The full infinitive is used as follows:

·         The full infinitive can function as a noun phrase. In this case it is used as follows.

o    As a subject.
Examples: To err is human, to forgive is divine.

o    As an object.
Examples:
I intended to marry her.
He wanted to know the whole truth.

·         It can also be used like an adjective or adverb.
Examples:

o   This is the game to watch. (to watch functions as an adjective, modifying the noun game)

o   This is the problem to think about. (to think about functions as an adjective modifying the noun 'the problem')

o   He went to his friend's house to study. (to study functions as an adverb answering the question why he went to his friend's house)

o   He is ready to go. (to go functions as an adverb, modifying the adjective 'ready'.)

·         It is used to mean "in order to" to express purpose
Examples:

o   You need to exercise regularly to lose weight. (...in order to lose weight)

o   He works hard to earn a lot of money. (...in order to earn a lot of money)

Exercise 5

Read the sentences below and complete them with proper prepositions from the list.

Preposition: to, by, in, for, on.

4.      Source of Islamic law is very important . . . having more understanding about Islam.

5.      Quran is the main resources for Muslim that focus . . . discuss the rules of Islamic law.

6.      All Muslim should interest . . . learning the sources of Islamic law because it will be useful for their life.

7.      Sunnah is second source for Islamic law . . . enrich the knowledge of Muslim about the law in their life.

Exercise 6

Complete the sentence below by using the correct form(s) of the verb in parenthesis.

1.      In Islam, the sources has already decided (help) . . . Muslim in their life.

2.      There are four sources for Islamic law in which can be a solution (solve) . . . the problem in society.

3.      When Muslim don’t get any good source in Quran, they can take Sunnah as the source (find) . . . the answer.

4.      Qiyas is often the case when a general principle can be applied (organize) . . . new situations.

Exercise 7

Write a paragraph using The Infinitive for the following topics.

3.      Share you activity in the weekend of Ramadhan.

4.      Write your story about your favourite lesson in your study.

LET’S SPEAK

GREETING AND DAILY CONVERSATION

Study the following language expression for

Greetings

ü  Good morning / good afternoon / good evening / good night.

ü  Hello / Hi / How do you do?

ü  How are you? / How’s life? / How’s it going? / How is everything?

ü  What are you doing? / What’s up? / Where have you been? / What is happening?

ü  Okay / fine / good / excellent / wonderful / I am in good condition / not bad / very well.

ü  Good bye / see you next time / nice to meet you / have a nice day.

Certainly

ü  Of course / I think so / that’s right / that’s good / I hope so.

ü  Of course not / I don’t think so / that’s not right / not good / I hope not.

ü  That’s true / it’s correct.

ü  I understand / I know it / I see.

Sympathizing

ü  I’m sorry to hear that.

ü  I’m awfully.

ü  I sympathize with you.

ü  What a pity!

ü  It’s terrible.

ü  How sad! Poor you.

Gratitude

ü  Thank you very much.

ü  Thanks you so much.

ü  Thanks.

ü  Thanks a lot.

Response of Gratitude

ü  You are welcome.

ü  No worry.

ü  With my pleasure.

ü  Don’t mention it.

ü  Being glad to help you.

ü  No problem.

Asking for Repetition

ü  Sorry.

ü  Pardon.

ü  Could you please to repeat that?

ü  Would you like to repeat that?

ü  What did you say?

ü  Could you say it again?

ü  Would you say it again, please?

ü  Well . . .	ü  I think.
ü  Hmm . . .	ü  I guess.
ü  Um . . .	ü  Let me see.
ü  Ah . . .	ü  Let me think about that.
ü  Hold on.	ü  I don’t know where to start.
ü  Let’s see.	ü  I don’t know what to say.

Hesitating

Requests

ü  Would you like to help me?

ü  Would it disturb you if I . . . ?

ü  Would you please to . . . ?

ü  Could I ask to . . . ?

ü  Can you help me, please?

Appreciation

ü  It’s very good.

ü  I appreciate you.

ü  I am grateful.

ü  I am indebted to you.

ü  You are a blessing.

ü  You are an inspiration.

Offering to Do Something

ü  Can I help you?

ü  Do you want mind if I help you?

ü  What can I do for you?

ü  Would you like if I help you?

ü  Let me help you.

Offering to Help and Making an Offer

ü  Is there anything that I can do for you?

ü  Can I help you?

ü  Would you mind if I help you?

ü  Do you want to my help?

ü  May I help you?

ü  Please, let me help you.

Responding to an Offer

ü  Is it okay?

ü  Are you serious?

ü  Is it no problem?

ü  Don’t worry about it.

ü  I don’t want to disturb you.

ü  That’s okay.

Apologizing

ü  Forgive me, please.

ü  I don’t mean to do it.

ü  I’m very sorry to do that.

ü  Sorry about that.

Forgiving

ü  Don’t worry about it.

ü  That’s okay.

ü  No problem.

ü  Forget it!

Exercise 8

Make a dialogue and perform in front of the class. Your dialogue must be based on the situation below.

Your friend is in hesitation situation because she have assignment from her lecturer. The lecturer gave instruction to look for the best sources of Islamic Law about family law. Actually, there are many explanations in Qur’an but she thinks that she needs to have more sources. She asks about your suggestions about her condition. In this case, please share your opinion what she should do. Due to you have learned about the material of Islamic law. 

UNIT 3

By: Eris Susanti (14320139)

 

ings

LET’S READ

ISLAMIC FAMILY LAW

Around the Muslim world,recent law reform efforts are attempting to re-embrace the spirit and teachings of the Qur’an and the Sunnah that call for justice and equality in the family and in relations between men and women.

The classical Jurissts’ conceptions of marriage and family life, embedded in the family law rules 100-400 years after the time of prophet Muhammad SAW, were based on the socio-cultureal realities of their time and place. The family and marriage rules developed by the major schools of law were man-made interpretations of the shari’ah and were never meant to be final and immutable.

The historical and legal development of modern family laws applied in Muslims nations today can be traced back to these classical rule. Beginning around 1000 C.E.these rules became fixed standards that later scholars adhered to instead of continuing to interpret the shari’ah independently. During the era of European colonialism, application of Islamic Law declined in the colonial states. In the decades that followed independence, many new nation-states codified Islamic Law especially in the area of personal law. But they based their new family law and inheritance statutes on the rules of the classical jurists, which meant that rules that were heavily influenced by medieval socio-cultural norms were applied to family life in the 20^th century.

In recent decades, there have been efforts to reform these rules to better ensure justice and equality in the family. Some countries have adopted piecemeal reforms by accepting provisions from other classical schools of law or reinterpreting select family law provisions. Other countries such as Marocco in its 2004 personal law reforms, have drafted new laws that are based on Qur’anic ideals like equality between men and women and justice in the family. These efforts have resulted in positive practices of different countries related to specific aspects of family law. There are a number of resources that provide more information on Muslim family law history, development and reform around the world.

(http://www.sisterinislam.org.my/news/php?item.675.8)

Exercise 1

Answer the following questions briefly

1.      What is the purpose of recent law reform around the world?

2.      According the text above, is the family and marriage rule unchangeable?

3.      When did Muslim nations apply family law?

4.      But they based their new family law and inheritance statutes on the rules of the classical jurists, …………. The word “they” refer to?

5.      How did Marocco reform their family law?

6.      What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

Exercise 2

Find the meaning of these words or phrases in your dictionary

1.      Family

2.      Law

3.      Reform

4.      Recent

5.      Jurists

6.      Adhered

7.      Declined

8.      Marriage

9.      Inheritance

10.  Equality

Exercise 3

Complete the table with the partner

 

Exercise 4

Fill in the blanks with the correct answer

1.      Your brother’s wife is your …..

2.      Your parents’ parent are your…………

3.      Your mother’s brother is your……..

4.      Your mother’s sister is your……….

5.      Your sister’s daughter is your

LET’S WRITE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

 

Exercise 1

Choose the numbers explaining the basis for using present continuous tense.

1.      The neighbor’s dog is always barking at night

2.      They are not watching  TV at the moment

3.      They are not watching TV right now

4.      He is constantly talking. I wish he would shut up

5.      She is wearing a raincoat

6.      I am seeing my dentist tomorrow

Exercise 2

Complete the sentences below by using present continuous tense

1.      Diane can’t come to the phone because she (wash)….her clothes.

2.      Please be quiet, I (try)….to concentrate.

3.      After six days of rain, I’m glad that the sun (shine)…. Again today.

4.      Right now I (look)…. Around the classroom.

5.      I (wear)…. Waterproof hat on rainy days.

Exercise 3

Look at the picture below. Write a short paragraph to describe what they are doing using present continuous tense.

LET’S SPEAK

Family Survey

Exercise

Make a group at least 3 students to interview their friends about their family. Then after talking each other, every students should able retell again family’s friends.

The questions consists of some questions below:

a.       What’s your name?

b.      Do you have a…..? (brother, sister, friend, grandma&grandpa)

c.       Where do/does……… live?

d.      What do/does………do? (job)

UNIT 4

By: Ethi Nailun Najah (14320122)

LET’S READ

MARRIAGE

            Marriage is the foundation of the family unit. In this society and time, the family is the closest knit, self-perpetuating, self-protecting unit. It is necessary economically and otherwise to the society the way it is set up in present time. So one can be fairly sure that he who destroys marriage destroys the civilization. There are many verses of the noble Quran and countless ahadith that encourage marriage for any single man or woman - of any age or background. This is not only limited to the young brothers and sisters who have never been married and are looking for their life mate, but even those who have been through divorce have also been encouraged to re-marry and to "complete" their faith. From the ocean of traditions and verses of the Quran on this topic, we quote the following:

وَأَنْكِحُوا الْأَيَامَىٰ مِنْكُمْ وَالصَّالِحِينَ مِنْ عِبَادِكُمْ وَإِمَائِكُمْ ۚ إِنْ يَكُونُوا فُقَرَاءَ يُغْنِهِمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ

"Marry the single people from among you and the righteous slaves and slave-girls. If you are poor, Allah (SwT) will make you rich through His favour; and Allah (SwT) is Bountiful, All-Knowing." (Surah 24, Verse 32)

In this verse, Allah (SwT) commands us (by Him using the imperative form of the verb) to marry the single, righteous man/woman from among us. Allah (SwT) even gives us a guarantee that if we are poor or lack the proper funds, still we should not delay the marriage as Allah will take care of the couple and grant them bounties from His Grace and Mercy.

Exercise 1

Find the meaning of these words!

1.      Closest knit

2.      Self-perpetuating

3.      Self-protecting

4.      Fairly

5.      Countless

6.      Encourage

7.      Divorce

8.      Righteous

9.      Proper fund

10.  Bounties

Exercise 2

Answer the questions bellow!

(You may write your answers under the questions).

1.      In marriage, what is the role of family?

2.      Somebody who destroys his or her marriage it same with?

3.      Why does somebody who have been through divorce have also been encouraged to re-marry?

4.      Mention the name of Surah which explains about marry encouragement and write it!

5.      Explain the main idea of that Surah you have been write!

THE MARRIAGE CONTRACT

Under Islamic jurisprudence five main requirements are generally stated for any marriage contract to be considered valid. These requirements however, are emphasized differently under the different schools of thought. They are:

ü  The Marriage Guardian – usually a male relative who gives the bride off in marriage.

ü  The “Mahr” (dower) – the agreed amount in cash or kind given by the groom to the bride as a marriage gift.

ü  The bridegroom himself – must be legally competent to marry.

ü  The bride – must also be legally uninhibited.

ü  The “seegha: eejaab and qabool”. Express proposal and acceptance of marriage.

In addition a “Khutba” (sermon) is given at the time of contracting the marriage in which the person conducting the service, among other things, informs and gives advice to the new couple as to their mutual rights and responsibilities in Islam.

Exercise 3

Write True (T) if the statement is true and write False (F) if the statement is false!

1.      It is ok if there is no marriage guardian for the brideg.

2.      Mahr should be given by the bridegroom.

3.      The brideg also should give mahr to the bridegroom.

4.      The marriage guardian should not be a male.

5.      Eejab and qabool is uttered by the bridegroom.

LET’S WRITE

MODAL VERBS

The modal verbs include can, must, may, might, will, would, should. They are used with other verbs to express ability, obligation, possibility, and so on. Below is a list showing the most useful modals and their most common meaning:

Modal	Meaning	Example
Can	To express ability	I can cook this food.
May	To express possibility	I may be come late, you may have the same idea with me.
Must	To express obligation	You must go now.
Must	To express strong belief	It must be funny, she must be 17 years old.
Should	To give advice	You should stop crying.
Would	In if-sentence	If I were you, I would stay here.

Modal verbs are also auxiliary verbs. They do not need an additional auxiliary in negatives sentence or questions.

Example:        

Can      à        Can I borrow your pen?

                        May     à        May I give my opinion?

                        Would à        Would you like to buy a cup of coffee?

A sentence that has a modal inside, the Verb after modal there always Verb 1

( Modal + Verb 1 )

Exercise 4

Complete these sentence below with verb!

1.      A woman must not …………… her husband’s house without his permission.

2.      A wife must …………… after her husband’s possessions when he is away from the home.

3.      A wife must …………... Her modesty and appear in correct Islamic dress in the presence of strangers and non-mahram men.

4.      A wife should not …………... Any words which will displease her husband nad ruin her family.

5.      A wife should …………. to ……………... her husband’s nature and tries to accommodates with his temperament.

6.      If the wife is having difficulties living at her husband’s home she should not ……… to others.

Exercise 5

Make a sentence which consists a modal inside!

1.       

2.       

3.       

4.       

5.       

LET’S SPEAK

EXPRESSION OF GRATITUDE OR THANKING

Thank you (thanking) is defined as an expression of gratitude used to show appreciation for something, and the definition of thank you itself is an act or expression of gratitude. (www.yourdictionary.com). There are various ways of saying thank you and how they would differ in a number of situation. Whether it need to be said informally or formally, for a gift, or for someone’s help, there is a whole variety of phrases we can use. Because everyone wants to be appreciated, so say thank you in the right way, and show that you mean it by being sincere, rather than seeming as if you are just saying thank you out of obligation. It is not only about expressing verbal gratitude, but also about using the right body and selecting the appropriate words. (www.myenglishteacher.eu)

Understand these following expression of gratitude:

ü  Thank you

ü  Thanks a lot

ü  Thanks

ü  Thank you very much

ü  Thank you. That’s very kind of you

ü  Thank you. You’re so helpful

ü  Thanks for your kind words

ü  etc.

Read this conversation below!

Fahmi  :           Can you help me to plan my wedding party?

Fery     :           Sure, what do you need the most help me, the food or entertainment?

Fahmi  :           I need help it with food, I think it’s better.

Fery     :           Ok, well, let’s coordinate your efforts. Should this party be formal or casual party?

Fahmi  :           I think it should be casual.

Fery     :           I agree. We have to decide the food? Which one do you want? Arabian or Chinese do you prefer?

Fahmi  :           I would prefer Arabian food for this party.

Fery     :           Perfect choice. Well, I will work on my part and get back to you with my progress on Friday.

Fahmi  :           Ok, thank you very much Fery. You’re so kind.

Fery     :           Oh, don’t mention it!

Exercise 6

Write different expression of thanking in each part! (You can use your own word to express it)

1.      Diena   : ………………………………………….. .

 They look so beautiful. Are they from your garden?

Andi    : I’m glad you like it. Happy anniversary!

Diena   : …………………………………………., but you don’t

  need to do this dear.

Andi    : Well, I just want to show my appreciation for you love. :*

2.      Hasan  : Hana, let me show you something.

Hana    : What is it?

Hasan  : Please read! (after a few moment…)

Hana    : Is this poetry of your work?

Hasan  : Yes, it is. I write it special for you.

Hana    : …………………………………………………. It’s amazing.

Hasan  : ………………………………………………………………... .

Exercise 7

Make a conversation consists of thanking expression. Do it in pairs with your friends!

UNIT 5

By: Sara Mustofa Shokshok (15320186)

Before reading the text, answer the question below:

1.      What is marriage?

2.      How marriage in Islam differs from other marriage?

3.      Are you satisfied to get married at an early age, why?

4.      Some other religions said that “Maher” would be as same as a parents will sell their daughter because they ask a money or any luxuries things to accept the groom and send her to her husband’s home, into what extent do you agree or not, why?

LET’S READ

MARRIAGE IN ISLAM

In Islam, marriage is considered both a social agreement and a legal contract. In modern times, the marriage contract is signed in the presence of an Islamic judge, imam, or trusted community elder who is familiar with Islamic law. The process of signing the contract is usually a private affair, involving only the immediate families of the bride and groom.  The contract itself is known as nikah.

Ø  MARRIAGE CONTRACT CONDITIONS ( MARRIGE PROCESS IN ISLAM)

Negotiating and signing the contract is a requirement of marriage under Islamic law, and certain conditions must be upheld in order for it to be binding and recognized.

Consent

 Both the groom and the bride must consent to the marriage, verbally and in writing. This is done through a formal proposal of marriage (ijab) and acceptance of the proposal (qabul). A first-time bride is usually represented in the contract negotiations by her Wali, a male guardian who looks out for her best interests. Even so, the bride must also express her willingness to enter into marriage. Consent cannot be obtained from those who are legally unable to give it, for example, people who are incapacitated, minor children, and those who have physical or mental impairments which limit their capacity to understand and consent to a legal contract.

Mahr

 This word is often translated as “dowry” but is better expressed as “bridal gift.” The bride has a right to receive a gift from the groom which remains her own property as security in the marriage. The gift is payable directly to the bride and remains her sole property, even in case of later divorce. The mahr can be cash, jewelry, property, or any other valuable asset. Either full payment or an agreed-upon payment schedule is required at the time of contract signature. The mahr may also be deferred until termination of the marriage through death or divorce; in such an instance the unpaid mahr becomes a debt against the husband’s estate.

Witnesses

 Two adult witnesses are required to verify the marriage contract.

Prenuptial Contract Conditions

 Either the bride or the groom may submit contract conditions which, if agreed upon, become legally-binding conditions of marriage. Often such conditions include agreements about the country of the couple’s residence, the wife’s ability to continue her education or career life, or visitation with in-laws. Any condition that is allowable in Islamic law is allowed to be entered, as long as both parties agree.

After the contract is signed, a couple is legally married and enjoy all the rights and responsibilities of marriage. In many cultures, however, the couple do not formally share a household until after the public wedding celebration (walimah). Depending on the culture, this celebration may be held hours, days, weeks, or even months later.

Glossary:

·         Marriage: the relationship that exist between a husband and a wife.

·         Maher: the gift which the groom will give to his bride (it is a must in Islamic law).

·         Community: a group of people who live in the same area.

·         Acceptance:  approved.

·         Verify: to prove, show or state something is true or correct.

·         Agreements: a situation in which people share the same opinion.

      Exercise 1

·         Answer these questions briefly

1.      Do you think marriage is a compulsory to everyone? Explain why.

2.      Is it needed for the bride to say or write the acceptance to get married?

3.      ”Consent cannot be obtained from those who are legally unable to give it”, explain it into your own words.

4.      What kind of Maher that the groom can give to the bride?

5.      In Islamic contract, how many people should be the shohod “witness”, and is it the same meaning as guaranty?

6.      When the groom and the bride considered to be one family and can practice all of their rights?

      Exercise 2

·         Find the meaning of these words or phrases in your dictionary and put them in a sentence.

1.      Bride.

2.      Groom.

3.      Payable.

4.      Capacity.

5.      Contract.

6.      Responsibilities.

7.      Valuable asset.

8.      Termination.

      Exercise 3

·         State True (T) if the following statements are correct and False (F) if the statements are incorrect.

1.      Marriage is considered as a cultural habit. (…….).

2.      The contract itself is known as Nikah (…….).

3.      No Muslim marriage can be solemnized without consent (…….).

4.      People who are incapacitated, minor children are not willing to get married (…….)

5.      In Islam the Maher is a gift for the bride (…….).

6.      Based on Islamic marriage law after the contract is signed the bride and the groom can live together even without doing a wedding ceremony (…….).

      Exercise 4

·         Complete the following unfinished sentences with the provided words and phrase.

1.      To complete the process of marriage in Islam you need .....

A.    To pay 1000$.

B.     Two witnesses.

C.     To give Maher consist of money and gold.

2.      If the bride does not show any interest of the marriage, parents will…

A.    Stop the marriage series.

B.     Continue the process of marriage.

C.     Let her think more about it.

3.      If the spouse did not make a wedding ceremony they ……

A.    Still considered as a husband and a wife.

B.     Cannot be together anymore.

C.     The groom pays the whole Maher and Moaher.

4.      If the man and woman who wants to get married are from different countries.....

A.    According to Islam it is O.K.

B.     It is impossible.

C.     They need to do many processes before taking the step of marriage.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

LET’S WRITE.

“GERUND”

{The form of verb+ ing is not a verb as generally you know. It is what we call “gerund”, namely infinitive+ ing becomes a noun or a noun phrase}.

      Exercise 5

·         Make a paragraph with 70 words with the following topic ( choose one of them )

1.      Love marriage or arranged marriage.

2.      How the girl can choose her mate based on an Islamic rules.

      Exercise 6

·         Correct the wrong grammatical sentence below.

1.      At the Muslim social system, marriage, as an institution, is govern basically by ‘Shariat’, the personal law.

2.      Rule regarding marriage are contained in ten verse in Quran.

3.      The norms and injunctions of ‘Shariat’ are widely followed, despite regional difference at subsidiary customs in respect on Muslim marriage.

4.      The consent of the bride are mandatory for the Muslim marriage.

5.      The Muslim law do not specify any particular age of marriage.

6.      Significant aspect of the Muslim marriage contract’s is the institution of Mehr.

7.      Proper dower is not fixed at the time of marriage, and it is fixed into the operation of law.

LET’S SPEAK

Exercise 7

Greeting in Islam would be provide “ alsalamualikom”,

ü  The one who comes greets the Muslims that are present.

ü  The one who is riding greets the one who is walking.

ü  The one who is walking greets the one who is sitting.

ü  The smaller group greets the bigger group.

ü  The young greet the elder.

(Share with your partner other greeting that Muslims use daily).

·         Make a dialogue between you and your friend about marriage, make sure your dialogue will last about 5 minutes and you have to perform it in front of the class.